Mind playing tricks on me?

September 24, 2007 by alyssum

I woke up late this morning.  No time to drink coffee before I left the house.  On the way to the bus station I stopped by the bakery to buy some breakfast.   The people at the bakery are starting to recognize me since I often stop by in the morning now.  I order in Cantonese and it makes them smile.   Although the last time I was there, I asked for a BBQ pork bun and the woman replied with “Tunafish bun? OK!”  Now I know I have a terrible accent, but it can’t possibly be so terrible as to confuse “cha siu” with “tu na yu”.  The words are simply not at all similar.  But anyways I took the bun that day, and this morning I decided to go for tunafish again.  (Luckily the woman didn’t confuse it with BBQ pork.)  Since I use them to practice my Cantonese, I guess it’s not surprising one of the women there likes to use me to practice her English.   After she gave me the bun she switched to English with sign language and told me “Tomorrow (point to watch), ??? (point around), off (palms out).”  I caught on and responded with mixed Cantonese and English, ” Tomorrow closed?” and she nodded enthusiastically.  She switched back to Cantonese “Mid-autumn festival!” and then back to English “Eat mooncakes!”  I smiled, still in morning daze.

Back to daily commute… I hopped onto the bus, second deck like usual, and started to stare blankly off in space.  I was staring at the ponytail of the woman in front of me when I suddenly realized I knew that ponytail!  “Sensei?” My Japanese teacher turned around a little startled or maybe she was a bit sheepish because she already saw me?  Actually we often run into each other because we live in the same neighborhood.  But it’s always quite awkward.  She only responds in Japanese to me, but I have forgotten most of the little Japanese I once knew.  When she sees me, she smiles and asks me something about the time.  I guess she is asking me what time I go to work.  I respond slowly with a mix of Japanese and English for the words I have forgotten.  We smile and both chime together “Nemui!” (Tired!).  As much as I wish I could talk to her, I hope that’s a cue for us to cut conversation.  The rest of the bus ride I worry about how we’re going to negotiate the transfer to the train, since we both are clearly going to the same place.  When the stop arrives, we both wait for the other one to leave first.  I finally remember “Dozo” (You first) and we smile again.  On the way out, I walk a few steps behind waiting for another cue.  Sensei turns to me and says something in Japanese with a smile and small wave.  I really don’t know what it is, but I nod, smile, and wave.  Then try to walk really slow while Sensei tries to pick up the pace in high heels.

At work, the room is strangely empty today.  The phone rings and I realize I am the only one to answer it.  I don’t make any attempts to practice Cantonese at work.  I answer the phone with “Hello” but the woman on the other line doesn’t have any intention of practicing English either.  She asks in Cantonese for a name that sounds vaguely familiar to me.  Half-trying to figure out the person and then realizing it doesn’t matter if the room is empty, I stutter “He’s not here”  in Cantonese.  A short while later, the phone rings again for the same person.  I’m slightly quicker on my feet now and ask if they would like to leave a message.  “Um, can you speak a little slower please?”  Now to figure out how the names map together.  I have his Cantonese name, and my brain is plugging away at pattern matching.  This person has five names that I know of: his nickname within the lab, his English name, his Mandarin name, his Cantonese name, and his Mandarin name produced with a Cantonese accent.  I run to the next room to find my other colleague.  I ask in English about his whereabouts and use his name with a pronunciation not quite Cantonese nor Cantonese-accented Mandarin.  Oh, you mean …?   “Yeah…” and then I switch to Mandarin and ask, “Can you write down his name for me?”

Back in the office, the phone rings again.  Another request in Cantonese, but this time the name is not familiar.  I repeat it dumbfounded…  the caller says “Oh, I must have called the wrong number.”  Less than a second goes by, the phone rings again.  I’m ready this time to respond in Cantonese, “What’s his English name?”  The English name I recognize right away.  Well, what does it matter.  No one is there anyways.  And actually I realize that I don’t really know his English name.  Because of the Chinese accent in English, he has two possible names: Calvin or Kelvin.

By one o’clock, I’m a little jumpy.  With every face I see, I’m not quite sure what language we’re supposed to be talking.

Oh yes, and this afternoon I got a phone call from the university personnel department.  The work visa was approved.  That’s a good thing of course.  But the funny part is that last I heard I needed to send them some more paperwork justifying how I can study and work at the same time.  I didn’t even send that paperwork out yet, but they’ve approved it regardless.  Did someone just pull a string for me? Behind my back?

New job, new life

August 16, 2007 by alyssum

It’s the middle of typhoon season now.  The rains come in waves.  An interlude of muggy, sticky heat followed by another dousing of cat-and-dog rain…for weeks.

I’ve been kinda in and out these last few months.  More out than in, I think.  Perhaps I should run through a brief summary.  At the beginning of the summer, I was facing the impending deadlines of my thesis submission, expiration of my student visa, end of the lease for the flat, and finding a job.  Oh, and Goldie was packing up to live in Shanghai for two months and, all the while, trying to convince me to relocate to Shanghai permanently.  By mid June, Goldie was gone and I was fretting over whether the thesis was really going to get done or not.

Then on the early morning of June 20 HK time, I got a phone call.  My grandmother had just passed away suddenly and quite unexpectedly.  The news didn’t register with me at first.  I blindly tried to go on with my day as scheduled… until some point in the middle my train ride to school and it hit me, hard.  By that evening, I had bought plane tickets back to South Dakota.  And in just a little more than a day, I was heading up to the heavens.  That flight was the first time in my life that I ever felt that sitting on an airplane for 18 hours was easier than getting off.

I spent two weeks with the family in South Dakota.  There were a lot of tears, a lot of hugs, a lot of stories, and even a lot of laughing.  The biggest reunion the family has probably ever had in years.  But I just couldn’t believe that grandma wasn’t there.  At every corner, I just kept expecting her to come out, arms outstretched to hug me and tears in her eyes saying, “Oh honey, you made it here!”  I imagined that she would say that the story wasn’t true after all.  She’d say that she just wanted to get me back for all those times that I scared her half to death over a fake spider or mouse.

But even as hard as it was, I was so happy that I could be back with the family.   It couldn’t have been any other way.  And it turned out that one night, a few weeks later back in Hong Kong, grandma finally did come out around the corner and give me a big hug with lots of happy tears.  So it really was just a joke after all, she never did leave us.

And now it’s suddenly late summer.  After I came back to Hong Kong last month, I applied for an extension on the thesis.  Goldie told me that she was sick of Shanghai and is going to come back in September.  So we’ve extended the lease on the flat.  And a professor from the engineering department that I met several years ago emailed me out of the blue with a job offer.  I’ve already signed a one-year contract to work as a research assistant in her lab doing work on speech recognition projects.

In fact, today was my first day on the job.  After being a student for so long, it felt like an out of body experience.  Perhaps that sounds a little ridiculous considering I’m still working at in the academic environment.  But it was all the little things that shocked me.  Like, having my own desk space and computer.  Getting my own mug with the department logo.  Being asked if there was any equipment that I needed, say, like a portable hard drive, faster desktop, a laptop…  Oh, and I have so missed the efficiency of engineers.  It’s almost as if you can move the world through email in a morning.

Yes, and now would be a good time to announce that I have stopped using the Internet (ahem, except for work, email, and blog posts).  I had to take radical action last weekend when I realize that my Internet usage had gotten out of hand.  I think it’s been almost the biggest life change I have made this summer.  More to come on that, I suppose, and anyways I got other things to do now.  Ah, the rain is back.

Lost in translation

July 11, 2007 by alyssum

I needed some entertainment today. So I decided to try the ole’ trick of doing Google Translation.  To play the game, you come up with an English sentence, translate it to another language, copy the result to the input box, and translate it back to English.  You may be surprised to find out a significant difference in original sentence and the one that went through translation.  Here’s my results from translating  between English and Japanese.

  1. Please feel free to use the toilet paper provided.
  2. You release feeling in order to use the toilet paper which is offered.
  3. Being moved is released in order to use the toilet paper which is offered.
  4. Being moved, it is released in order to use the toilet paper which is offered.
  5. Moving, it releases the fact that you use the toilet paper which is offered.
  6. That releases the fact that you use the toilet paper which it is moved is offered.
  7. The fact that is released that it is offered you use the toilet paper which moves.
  8. The toilet paper where factual that it is released moves to use it is offered.
  9. The toilet paper which moves in order to use that it is released in fact is offered.
  10. Movement really being released the toilet paper which is offered in order to use.
  11. The toilet paper which is offered in order actually to use the movement which is released.
  12. The toilet paper which is really offered with order in order to use the movement which is released.
  13. In order to use the movement which is released order the toilet paper which is really offered.
  14. In order the order which is released to use the movement which is the toilet paper which is really offered.
  15. The order which is released in order to use the movement which is the toilet paper which is offered with order really.
  16. Order the order which is released in order to use the movement which is the toilet paper which is really offered.
  17. Order the order which is released in order to use the movement which is the toilet paper which actually is offered.

The results finally stabilized at the 17th attempt.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Thesis labor pains

June 6, 2007 by alyssum

I just saw that my last post was mid-April… that’s a bit of a shock because I don’t really know what happened to me between then and now. I have been working harder than ever on the thesis which seems to just mean that I am more frustrated than ever on producing next to nothing. Seriously, the last couple months has been *almost* the worst time in my life. Luckily the misery of my 18th year still wins out by far and I hope I don’t ever have anything that takes its honor of being THE worst time of my life.

Tonight I am on the up side of things because I actually did get some writing done today (however small) and I still far enough from my next deadline to ignorantly think that things are progressing good enough. (Yes, split personality also seems to be developing from the stress of the thesis.) I don’t really want to moan and groan about my thesis problems here, but I do just want to put down these thoughts in a place where I will be accountable to them. I still sometimes worry that I will (again) forget the pains of academia and go stupidly back to apply for a Phd program. So I am making a point of whining about the thesis to everyone. This way, all of you can slap me silly when I say I want to go back to this masochist hell.

In other news… Goldie is leaving shortly for a two-month contract job in Shanghai. I guess the timing is good in the sense that I need the space to work and it’s not exactly enjoyable for her to watch me writhing in pain all the time. Though I have to admit she has been really good support for me. Hopefully she can still provide phone support to me at a safe distance. But I don’t even want to get into the details about what’s happening at the end of August when massive decisions will have to be enacted. The lease will end, her position might become permanent, my student visa is expiring soon, I may or may not graduate, and I don’t know what the kitty is going to do when she finds out about all this.

Right now, I am just looking forward to my brother’s visit to Hong Kong! Yes, he got called to do a business trip to Taiwan and he managed to arrange an excursion to HK this weekend. It’s a terribly short visit, at a very difficult time, with a very bad weather forecast…but as far as I am concerned, it’s perfect timing. I could use a glimpse of light during these dark times.

The city that is always working

April 19, 2007 by alyssum

I got this comment from Dad on my last post.  I started to write a response, but it got so long that I decided I would start another post on it instead:

Nice, very nice. I know what you mean by shopping in Hong Kong. I was looking for a external USB drive housing for my extra laptop HD, everything was at least 30 bucks, then I found a nice blue aluminum case with Viao written on it on Ebay, 10$ with shipping. Just came in today, it was mailed from HK!

Not a bad deal, considering your options. However, I also bought a 2.5 HD enclosure recently too. I first scoped out prices one of the big computer centers. I saw Viao cases everywhere for about $5USD. But those look a little too small for my drive and I kept wondering why some enclosures were so cheap while others were $20 or $30USD. So I didn’t buy that day. But the next day, I went to a smaller computer market not far from my house, hidden in an older shopping mall. It was one of those places that Goldie found previously during a Sunday walk around the neighborhood. While peaking around, we found a store with literally a *mountain* of computer parts. It was clearly a case of a person who never puts things back where they belong…to the extreme. We marveled over how anyone could operate a business there.

So anyways, that’s the store I went to, and I finally got to see the person behind the mountain. The atmosphere that day was something out of a David Lynch movie. I saw a slightly balding 30-something guy hunched over eating his take-away lunch. When he saw me, he jumped up and asked what I was looking for. After making my request, he ran off to some hidden location to fetch it. While waiting, I saw a woman casually loitering around. She saw the half-eaten lunch in the sytrofoam bowl and half-mumbled, half-yelled in Cantonese “Eating curry again?! Always eating curry… it’s not good for you, you know!” The guy came running back with armloads of boxes. Although I only asked for one HD enclosure, he brought back at least 3 boxes of the exact same make and model. One for about 7USD. He opened up them all up, checking to see if everything was there, and started to demonstrate one when he suddenly got interrupted by another customer. He asked for me to wait again, and went back to madly running around fetching boxes. It seemed there was something very urgent, but I am not sure what.

Well, I bought the one he showed me. I went back home and tried to set it up, but it didn’t work. I started to worry that there was some compatibility issues with Linux, although it seems that HD enclosures are pretty universal. I worried that maybe it really was too cheap and the circuit board was bad. I worried it was secretly destroying all my data…. Yet I was desperate to get it working. So around 7:30pm, even though I figured he was closed already, I went back to the shop. In fact, he wasn’t closed at all and still running around fetching boxes for people. I told him I couldn’t get it to work and he was a bit shocked. In between customer requests, he tested it with a harddrive he had lying around. He showed me that it was working fine, and that’s when I felt really stupid. I immediately realized in admist all my fears of ruining my precious harddrive I had neglected to fully plug it in in the socket. So I thanked him for his help, and he told me if I still had problems I could come back… “I’m opened until 10:30pm.” As I was leaving, he was back to rushing around. I felt a heavy sense of guilt. Opened to 10:30pm? No time for a real lunch break? Constantly rushing around all day? And he works/lives in what can only be called a computer garbage heap. I wanted to turn around and offer to help him organize the store (a dream for me!). Well, I guess I can’t do that but I did promise to myself to shop there more often.

Computer greed

April 15, 2007 by alyssum

I did something uncharacteristic of me today. I spent good money on something that was neither cheap nor absolutely necessary. I bought a 19″ widescreen LCD monitor. See, the thing is… Goldie’s desktop came with a 15″ CRT with a dead blue gun which leaves everything on the screen with a puke yellow tint. If it wasn’t for my notebook being out of commission, I would have just setup the desktop as a headless server and forgot about the dying monitor. But after a few days of eye-straining and not getting any real computer work done, I couldn’t stand it anymore. Everyone else is getting an LCD, why can’t we?

So today Goldie and I wandered around the computer centers in Wanchai until she gave me the ultimatum: either buy something or else we’re going home. If you like gadgets and electronics, you simply cannot walk through the computer centers in Hong Kong without buying something. Imagine shop after shop crammed full of the latest Japanese technology at duty-free, rock-bottom prices. If you think that the price could be cheaper, you just walk a few more feet and ask the next store. Ahh…computer shoppers’ heaven.

Now I am back home and reeling over my luxurious purchase. The monitor is so….expansive… compared to the 15″ screen I have been working off for the last 3 years…wait, more like 10 years. It fits so nicely on my desk, it matches my black and silver theme, it has a trendy blue led on-light… Why, it has nearly twice the desktop space then my 15″ 4:3 screen. So now I really don’t have any excuse not to pump out that thesis, right? Except that LCDs seems to be so eye-friendly that I can now stay up into the wee hours to write silly blog posts. Hmph.

Up and running again

April 11, 2007 by alyssum

Last night around 1:30am while I was happily programming away on my laptop in bed… it hung.  Oh, that’s not the first time mind you.  My laptop does hang occasionally because, you see, I have had bad memory in my laptop for at least a year.  Of course, I meant to fix it a long time ago.  I have warranty so there is no excuse not to.  But last year when I inquired about warranty repairs at the local center here, they said it takes 7-10 business days.  For someone who uses their computer every day, for the vast majority of the day, for someone who only wakes up just to go to the computer…  the idea of being separated for up to two weeks is unthinkable.  So, I put it off.  I was hoping that I could wait until the thesis was done and before the warranty expired.  Well, last night was my wake up call.  ‘Cause when I tried to reboot, it couldn’t boot up again.  I silently cursed myself for not doing a backup on my research data a few days ago as I intended (actually it was Dustin who said “Alissa, you are backing up your thesis data right??”)  But I went to sleep with a sense of resignation.  I knew that my laptop’s time had come.  It wasn’t exactly a surprise.  And luckily this morning it was able to do a cold boot.  So I backed up my data and headed to the service center.

The woman asked what was wrong.  I told them the memory was bad and showed them the memory test results.   She reminded me that the problems I was reporting (system hangs) could be software related.  Yeah, right.  She took it back for preliminary inspection and lo!  Behind the closed doors they confirmed the memory was bad.  She then proceeded to tell me that it may take 1-2 months for repairs because they might need to order parts.  I felt kinda faint and tried to press for details.  “Don’t you have the memory in stock?”  “Well, your laptop is from the U.S. and we do not yet know if the memory we have for the Hong Kong model is compatible. Plus we have to check if the chipset is bad.”  I couldn’t really argue with that.  Well, not until I got back to campus and did some research.  The memory in my laptop is the same as several Toshiba models in Hong Kong.  That made me more optimistic that the woman was just giving me the standard “we must cover our asses” repair talk.  Still, I was in a bit of a trance today.  I racked my brain for ideas of how to survive possibly 2 months of solitary confinement for my computer.  Should I even mention that the thesis is due in less than 2 months?

Well, I did come up with a plan: go to Goldie’s mom’s house and take their broken desktop.  The desktop broke a couple weeks ago mysteriously and lately they have been talking about throwing the whole thing out.  Good grief!  Goldie just had the motherboard replaced last year.  So I had an inkling that it wouldn’t be so hard to fix.  Sure enough it wasn’t.  The first thing I did was spend 3 hours cleaning it.  Most of that time was wastefully spent cleaning the keyboard…but you know what?  After dusting off the motherboard, the hard drive that refused to be recognized suddenly was back to normal.  Does anyone reading this realize what that says about the dust problem in Hong Kong and Goldie’s mom’s house in particular?  Pretty scary stuff.  Goldie says it seems dust here is like a living and breathing creature.

Anyways, I really just want to boast about my revenge on the service center.   Screw waiting 2 months for a 5-minute memory repair.  I got a pretty nice desktop with Ubuntu freshly installed.  Ohhh…it runs so much snappier with Ubuntu than that other no-name operating system.  And now the sky is the limit with all the tweaks and things I can do.  If only I didn’t have that damn thesis to finish.

Hope

March 25, 2007 by alyssum

Goldie and I just finished watching the 6-hour miniseries adaptation of Angels in America tonight. It’s a bit hard to give a short summary of a 6-hour production, but you could say it is a sort of “State of the (American) Union” address from the perspective of a gay man dying of, and then later living with, AIDS. It begins in the middle of the Reagan-era when the world is worrying about the growing ozone hole, “homosexuals” are still hiding in the closets and shadows, and AIDS is growing to epidemic proportions. Now for the spoilers….it ends with the Berlin wall coming down, the dissolution of the USSR, the life-saving powers of the new AIDS drugs, and hope. Why, goddamn, the audacity of hope.

The thing is, I saw the the play almost a decade ago. I saw the play when Clinton was still in office, I was just beginning my life out on my own, and I was out and proud in a liberal college town. I remember getting goosebumps at the end, I remember feeling a sense of liberation, optimism, invincibility…

Well, in the sevearal years that passed, I naturally forgot some of the details of the story.  Goldie was the one who pulled it out at the video store and got me to watch it again.  This time watching it, I was mesmerized by the characters who are walking between the lines of reality; not sure if they are having delusions or if the angels and ghosts visiting them are actually real.  On the political side of things, I half-heartedly joked with Goldie: “Thank god we weren’t alive in the 80’s, things could be worse.”  Well, irony came to bite me in the ass when I saw the ending again:

“This disease will be the end of many of us, but not nearly all. And the dead will be commemorated, and we’ll struggle on with the living and we are not going away. We won’t die secret deaths anymore. The world only spins forward, we will be citizens. The time has come. Bye now, you are fabulous each and every one and I bless you. More life, the great work begins.”

It’s been nearly 10 years since I first saw it, getting close to 20 years since the play came out and  “the time” hasn’t come yet.  The spoiler is that I’ve left the country, am now struggling to make my own life, and biting my tongue in a town where no one dares rock the boat.  We, as in the fabulous gays and lesbians of the U.S., are not citizens.  We’re refugees and political pawns in the illegitimate Bush-era where the world is scared shitless of global warming and war is growing to epidemic proportions.

*deep breath*

(Aye… I promised myself I would try to avoid ending this on a note of utter despair.)

I’ll just share the bit of comfort I found at the end: there is certainly no chance for hope if we don’t hold on, even in the darkest hour just before dawn.

Donald Tsang is a liar

March 22, 2007 by alyssum

In my last post, I painted a very rosy picture of Hong Kong as an environmental friendly city due to its ultra-high density. Although the U.S. could learn some very valuable lessons from Hong Kong regarding urban design and public transportation, I cannot leave my readers with the impression that Hong Kong does not have some very, very serious environmental problems. In fact, if you have read any world news lately you have surely heard about Hong Kong’s scary air pollution problem. Mind you, it’s not just an election issue. It’s killing the elderly, it’s killing joggers, it’s even starting to kill the children too.

So what does Donald Tsang, the current Chief Executive of Hong Kong, have to say about the air pollution problem? In a recent interview with Anjali Rao on Talk Asia, this is what Tsang said (emphasis mine):

RAO: You vowed that if you are re-elected you will improve the territory’s air and water quality, if you know how to do that then why haven’t you already, the skies here are filthy so many days of the year?

TSANG: No, let’s be very careful in doing this before you use adjectives like that. The sky here now is a lot brighter than it was in 1997. Now, that’s a fact. The air now in terms of quality is much better than it was in 1997. It is not perfect.

Much better? Really? In the last year, we have seen several reports talking about expats leaving Hong Kong due to air pollution, the $21+ billion HKD ($2.7+ billion USD) cost of air pollution to Hong Kong’s economy, the 1,600 deaths that could be prevented with better air quality, and more. Is it really true that the air quality in Hong Kong is getting better, much better? According to some reports, there has been a slight improvement since regulation of high sulphur fuels in 1990 began. But Tsang specifically said that air has improved since 1997. I have been in and out of Hong Kong since 2000 and I can’t say that I have noticed any improvement in the air. In fact, for the last year and half I have been living here it’s seemed almost worse. But intuitive feelings are not enough for me. I want to see the hard numbers. Luckily, the government has a public record of the air pollution measurements back to 1990. So, I have taken the liberty of fact-checking Donald Tsang. And the results are not good…

Pollutant Concentrations at Central/Western station in Hong Kong (1990-2006)

By the way, I deliberately chose to graph the data from the Central/Western station because it’s where Tsang supposedly works, so he ought to know whether the air is getting better or not. I also need to mention that this station is not a roadside station. Roadside stations are probably more reflective of the pollution that a typical Hong Konger gets exposed to when going outside and doing the daily commute. Of course, roadside stations have dramatically more pollution. But I want to make a point that even a supposedly “good” station is still really, really bad.

So, the above graph is a annual running mean of the major pollutants Hong Kong uses in its air pollution index. The data came straight from the government’s Environmental Protection Department. And I used the free stat program R to make the pretty graph. Anyways, suffice to say the lines don’t seem to indicate that the air quality is “much better.” In fact, ozone is clearly on the rise. The other pollutants have either increased or remained about the same since 1997. In the last 15 years, there is not a bit of evidence that there has been any significant reduction in any one of the major pollutants. Now if anyone has any doubts about my graph, they can check the government’s own most recent report on air pollution trends. The graphs in that report are consistent with this graph.

Now for the really scary part. What do these numbers mean? Are we steadily in a pollution emergency or within safe levels? The Hong Kong government has put out air quality objectives for annual mean concentrations and regularly publishes yearly reports showing that we manage to meet the objectives most of the time. I haven’t yet figured out how the Hong Kong government picked these numbers. Is the objective based on what they can feasibly meet or what is actually proven to be a safe level? I don’t believe it is the latter. Why? Because WHO has also come up with their own guidelines based on thresholds where people’s health begins to be compromised and the numbers don’t match up (note there are objectives for only some of the pollutants):

Pollutant HK Objectives WHO Objectives HK Actual
NO2 (μg/m3) 80 40 41.4-60.2
RSPs (μg/m3) 55 20 40.5 – 61.5
SO2 (μg/m3) 80 20 (daily mean) 0 – 142.2 (daily means)
14.1 – 25.4 (annual means)

The actual mean concentrations of Hong Kong are missing the WHO targets by a long shot (but yet managing to squeak by for most of their own objectives). What does this mean? Simply put, Hong Kong air pollution is significantly over the threshold of levels that are considered safe. Not a big surprise given the news reports I cited earlier about people getting sick and even dying from the pollution here.

So what is the government doing to address the problem? Well, here’s the current policy regarding air pollution that most likely inspired Tsang to claim that air quality is getting better:

“To improve regional air quality, the Hong Kong SAR Government reached a consensus with the Guangdong Provincial Government in April 2002 to reduce, on a best endeavours basis, the emission of four major air pollutants, namely sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), respirable suspended particulates (RSP) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) by 40%, 20%, 55% and 55% respectively in the region by 2010, using 1997 as the base year. ” Progress Report, January 2006

But even though there is a policy in place, that doesn’t necessarily mean that it’s working. According to the above progress report (which quotes 2004 statistics, strange enough), Hong Kong did reduce nitrogen oxides, respirable suspended particulates, and volatile organic compounds emissions by 16%, 28%, and 23% respectively. However, sulphur dioxide went up by 47%. But while some emissions went down, the air quality is not getting better as we already saw in the above graph. The chart below just reiterates the point. The annual mean concentration of sulphur dioxide has gone up just as emissions went up. And the decreases in other emissions has either had little positive effect (nitrogen oxides) or even a little bit of a negative effect (RSPs) on the annual mean concentrations in the air.

Pollutant 1997 (μg/m3) 2005 (μg/m3) Change Target Emissions Change
SO2 17.7 21.6 +21.8 -40%
NOx 99.7 95.2 -4.5% -20%
RSPs 51.2 54.0 +5.3% -55%

So in conclusion, no matter how you slice it: Hong Kong air quality is not getting better. If anything, it’s getting worse. That means, Donald, you lied.

The next step is to discuss how in the world could Hong Kong could fix this awful mess. Why is air quality still bad even if Hong Kong is managing to lower some emissions? Perhaps, because Guangdong isn’t holding up their side of the bargain. Moreover, Hong Kong needs to do more in meeting the emissions targets in the first place.

But, of course, to get to those next steps, one first has to admit there is a problem.

Maybe we’re not dense enough to fix the global warming problem…

March 8, 2007 by alyssum

I have been shifting gears lately from bemoaning my own personal state of affairs to contemplating the state of the world. Global warming is the hot topic of the day, and I having been trying to think of a way to bring fresh air to the discussion. Well, so here’s a question…what if the U.S. lived like Hong Kong? Why make comparisons to Hong Kong? Besides the obvious reasons (i.e. it’s my current home), it is one of the world’s most densely populated cities. And there are a lot of interesting ramifications that come from just this simple difference of density.

First, let’s look at some basic stats:

  U.S. Hong Kong
Total Density (ppl/sq. km) 31 6,407
Total Area (sq. km) 9,629,091 1,099

This chart shows that Hong Kong is more than 200 times more dense than the U.S. But these numbers are a little skewed because the great size difference between the two places. Plus, a lot of space in Hong Kong is green. It might sound like a contradiction, but Hong Kong is actually made up of mostly green spaces (almost 80%) and very little urban space. Click on the map below if you don’t believe me or visit Google Maps

Land use in Hong Kong

So let’s redo the numbers by built up land area instead.

  U.S. Hong Kong
Built-up Density (ppl/sq. km) 754 30613
Built-up Area (sq. km) 395377 230

That’s more like it, Hong Kong’s density has jumped up nearly five fold.  At an average of 30,000 people per square kilometer, you can imagine that we have no place but to go up in Hong Kong.  The U.S.’s density also increased by these calculations, but Hong Kong is still 40 times denser than the U.S.  So what does all this difference in density mean?

First of all, there are dramatically less cars per person in Hong Kong. In fact, the overwhelming majority of people do not own car. They take the public transport instead. And despite the fact that there are more cars per kilometer of road in Hong Kong, we have far less fatal or injurious accidents. I would speculate that has to do with the fact that we are traveling at slower speeds and the comparative safety of public tranport (e.g professional drivers, bigger vehicles, etc).

  U.S. Hong Kong
Number of motor vehicles (per 1000 ppl) 806 77
Automobile fatalities (per 1000 ppl) 0.15 0.03
Automobile injuries (per 1000 ppl) 11.56 3.01

Speaking of public transport, Hong Kong has it all: ferries, buses, rapid transit (MTR or KCR), minibuses, tram, taxis, cable cars, and maybe some other things I am forgetting. Most of the transportation charges according to the distance traveled. And nearly all (except taxis) accept the Octopus card: a stored value card. And contrary to the supposed “universal facts” of public transportation believed in the U.S.: Hong Kong public transport turns a profit, it’s fast, it’s safe, and it’s clean. How can it turn a profit when the best systems in the U.S. are lucky to get 50% of costs back through fares? Density. A lot of people need to go a little ways. And these profits help build up a system which is a pleasure to ride because of the cushioned seats, head/feet rests, and plasma TVs. It also leads to more routes and big investments in extending the rapid transit system. And the transportation feeds into other parts of the economy: people pay top dollar for real estate on top of transport stations.

Ah, yes, real estate. Of course, if Hong Kong is so dense, there must be some real sacrifices in personal space. Without a doubt, the notion of a “yard” or “single family house” is completely foreign here. We live in flats, usually in high rise residential buildings. The most extreme is estates like Whampoa Garden which has 88 virtually identical high-rise residential buildings. It is a world unto itself, as Goldie said when we stepped foot in the Whampoa once, “It’s like going to a foreign country.” So what about the flat sizes? Well, unfortunately, I can’t find overall averages for Hong Kong. But Whampoa well-illustrates the usual range of flat sizes throughout the territory: 350 sq. ft. to 1,110 sq. ft. That covers classes A-C of the Hong Kong real estate divisions. The highest class is E which is for flats 1720 sq. ft. and above. Those are otherwise known as luxury flats. In the public housing sector, which comprises 50% of Hong Kong housing there is an average of 130 sq. ft. per person. Compare these numbers to the U.S. where a new single family house is on average 2,349 sq. ft. and luxury houses can soar to 10,000 sq. ft. and above.

So what am I getting at with all this talk of automobiles and houses? Well, the two biggest sources of greenhouse gases are automobiles and power plants. For the average citizen of the U.S. this translates to their car and their house. In Hong Kong, it’s our flat and the collective public transport. But although both regions are considered part of the industrialized world and full of rabid consumers, the average person in Hong Kong spews only 25% of CO2 of the average person in the U.S. This is despite the fact that Hong Kong people generally lack the environmental consciousness that the U.S. has built up in the last few decades. The government is just beginning programs to educate people about the importance of energy conservation. Now you could say that the sub-tropical climate of Hong Kong helps lower heating/cooling costs. That does help, although you can also point out the majority of Americans live in the warm southern locales of California and Texas. Plus, up until last year most Hong Kong people were convinced that we need to set our air-conditioners to 16C all year long.

So imagine, if the U.S. was living like Hong Kong:

  • the entire population would fit on less than 10,000 sq km. of land which would mean that 99.9% of the U.S. would be green space
  • 90% of the cars would be off the road
  • every urban center would have a fast, efficient public transportation system and it would be turning a profit
  • the carbon emissions of the U.S. would be 6% of the world’s total instead of 24%

So, maybe, what the world needs is a little more density…

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